The fork got two fork blades. One for each side of the wheel. They are both connected to the fork crown. In the other end, they got the front dropouts that holds the quick release.

The rolling resistance is the resistance that occours between yours tires and the surface you are riding on. This is one of the parts that slows you down along with the drag/wind resistance.

The chain transfers the energy from the crankset to the cassette and further through the rear wheel to the surface you are riding on.

The chain stay makes sure that the chain won't damage the frame if it goes lose from the crankset. It is often some sort of plastic layer or a bit thicker type of rubber. The latter is mostly seen on mountainbikes.

The pulley wheels are found in the rear derailleur. The rear deraillur got two of them. They are small cogs the chain runs on, making sure you can use the cassette propably. 

The pedal is the thing you place your feet on when you are riding your bike. You can get different types of pedals, everything from normal pedals to clipless where your shoes gets installed on the pedals making your pedalling more effecient. You can read our reviews of different pedals by clicking here.

The crank arm is the arm where you mount your pedal on. They can vary a few cm's in size and the larger the crank arm the more torque you can develop, but you will have a tendency to get a lower cadence. The lower the numbers the higher the cadence but the lower the torque. Go down to your local bikeshop and find the one that suits you perfectly.

The chainring bolts are the bolts that join the chainrings and the crankarm. A crankset often have 4-5 of these depending on the brand.

A bike usually have two or three chainrings. They are the big cogs/rings on the crankset. The smaller the chainring, the lower the speed you can go with the same cadence. A bigger chainring means that you can get up to a higher speed with the same cadence.

The cadence is the number of rotations your crankset is doing in a minute. A pro bikerider usually have a cadence of 90-100 RPM (revolutions per minute) when they are racing. In a time trial this can easily be up to 120 RPM.

The crankset is the chainrings combined with the crankarm.

Every thing on your bike that can rotate got bearings. The bearings are best described as two layers with some small balls in between. This makes the friction a lot smaller which means that less energy will get lost in the bikesystem. An old bearing will create a greater resistance than a new one, so if you want to go fast, shift them with some few years in between.